Hamann's Influence on Wittgenstein
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15845/nwr.v7i1.3467Keywords:
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Johann Georg Hamann, philosophy of language, rule-following, metacritiqueAbstract
The paper examines Johann Georg Hamann’s influence on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s late philosophy. Wittgenstein’s letters, diaries and Drury’s memoirs show that Wittgenstein read Hamann’s writings in the early 1930s and 1950s. Wittgenstein’s diary notes and the Cambridge lectures show that Wittgenstein’s discussion of Hamann’s views in 1931 corresponds to adopting a Hamannian view of symbols and rule-following. The view of language as an intertwining of signs, objects and meanings in use forms a common core in the philosophies of Hamann and Wittgenstein. The harmony of language and reality takes place in communicative use, so non-communicative private languages and pre-linguistic ideal forms of representation are not possible. Language is a free response to reality, and it involves belief-systems and trust.
References
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Hamann, J. G., 1955–1979. Briefwechsel 1–7. Eds. W. Ziesemer and A. Henkel. Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag. (ZH 1–7)
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Wittgenstein, L, 1980: Wittgenstein’s Lectures, Cambridge 1930–32, From the Notes of John King and Desmond Lee. Ed. D. Lee. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield. (LWL)
Wittgenstein, L., 1993. Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough. In: Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Occasions 1912–1951. Eds. J. C. Klagge and A. Nordmann. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, pp. 115–155. (RF)
Wittgenstein, L., 1998. Culture and Value. London: Blackwell. [Accessed through the Past Masters online series.] (CV)
Wittgenstein, L., 1997. Denkbewegungen: Tagebücher 1930–32, 1936–1937. Ed. I. Somavilla. Innsbruck: Haymon. (DB)
Baker, G. P., 2004. Wittgenstein’s Method. Oxford: Blackwell.
Baker, G. P. and Hacker, P. M. S., 1980. An Analytical Commentary on Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.
Baker, G. P. and Hacker, P. M. S., 1985. Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bayer, O., 2012. A Contemporary in Dissent: Johann Georg Hamann as a Radical Enlightener. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
Bayer, O., 1991. Schöpfung als Anrede. Tübingen: Mohr.
Bayer, O., 2002. Vernunft ist Sprache: Hamanns Metakritik Kants. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog.
Betz, J., 2009. After Enlightenment. Oxford: Wiley.
Betz, J., 2004. “Enlightenment revisited: Hamann as the First and Best Critic of Kant’s Philosophy”. Modern Theology, 20:2, pp. 291–301.
Bhaskar, R., 2008. A Realist Theory of Science. London: Verso.
Dickson, G. G., 1995. Johann Georg Hamann’s Relational Metacriticism. Berlin: De Gryuter.
Drury, M. O’C., 1981. “Conversations with Wittgenstein”. In: R. Rhees, ed., Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 112–189.
Garver, N., 1994. This Complicated Form of Life. La Salle, IL: Open Court.
Glock, H.-J., 1996. A Wittgenstein Dictionary. Oxford: Blackwell.
Glock, H.-J., 2015. “Philosophy of Language”. In: M. N. Forster and K. Gjesdal, eds. The Oxford Handbook of German Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: OUP, pp. 371–397.
Gray, J., 2012. “Hamann, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein on the Language of the Philosophers”. In: L. Anderson, ed., Hamann and the Tradition. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, pp. 104–121.
Green, M., 2014 “Speech-acts”. In: E. Zalta, ed., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/speech-acts/ (accessed 23.11.2017).
Hamann, J. G., 1947–1951. Sämtliche Werke 1–3. Ed. J. Nadler. Vienna: Verlag Herder. (N I–III)
Hamann, J. G., 1955–1979. Briefwechsel 1–7. Eds. W. Ziesemer and A. Henkel. Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag. (ZH 1–7)
Hamann, J. G., 2007. Writings on Philosophy and Language. Trans. and ed. K. Haynes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (H)
Hein, H., 1983. ”Hamann und Wittgenstein: Aufklärungskritik als Reflexion über die Sprache”. In: B. Gajek, ed., Acta des zweiten internationalen Hamann-Colloquiums in Marburg/Lahn. Marburg: Elwert, pp. 21–57.
Janik, A. and Toulmin, S., 1973. Wittgenstein’s Vienna. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Kusch, M., 2011. “Disagreements and Pictures in Wittgenstein’s ‘Lectures on Religious Beliefs’”. In: R.Heinrich, E. Nemeth, W. Pichler and D. Wagner, eds., Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, Volume 1. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, pp. 35–58. Available at http://univie.academia.edu/MartinKusch (accessed 10.5.2017).
Labron, T., 2009. Wittgenstein and Theology. London: Bloomsbury.
Luther, M., 1958–1986. Luther’s Works. Ed. J. Pelikan and H- T- Lehmann. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press. (LW)
McGuinness, B., ed., 2008. Wittgenstein in Cambridge. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Monk, R., 1990. Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius. London: Cape.
Moore, A. W., 2007. “Wittgenstein and Transcendental Idealism” In: G. Kahane, E. Kanterian and O. Kuusela, eds.,Wittgenstein and his Interpreters. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 174–199.
Munz, R., 2009. “Ludwig Wittgenstein: Vom Vortrag über Ethik zu Vorlesungen über religiösen Glauben”. In: W. Lütterfelds and T. Mohrs, eds., Globales Ethos. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, pp. 125–145.
Polanyi, M., 1958. Personal Knowledge. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
Stern, D. G., 1995. Wittgenstein on Mind and Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Accessed online.]
Taylor, C., 1985. Philosophical Papers, vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L., 1962. Thought and Language. Eds. and trans. E. Hanfmann and G. Vakar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Wallgren, T., 2006. Transformative Philosophy. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Wittgenstein, L., 1922. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Trans. C. K. Ogden. London: Kegan Paul. (TLP)
Wittgenstein, L., 1953. Philosophical Investigations. Trans. G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Blackwell. [Accessed through the Past Masters online series.] (PI)
Wittgenstein, L., 1969. On Certainty. Oxford: Blackwell. [Accessed through the Past Masters online series.] (OC)
Wittgenstein, L, 1980: Wittgenstein’s Lectures, Cambridge 1930–32, From the Notes of John King and Desmond Lee. Ed. D. Lee. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield. (LWL)
Wittgenstein, L., 1993. Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough. In: Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Occasions 1912–1951. Eds. J. C. Klagge and A. Nordmann. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, pp. 115–155. (RF)
Wittgenstein, L., 1998. Culture and Value. London: Blackwell. [Accessed through the Past Masters online series.] (CV)
Wittgenstein, L., 1997. Denkbewegungen: Tagebücher 1930–32, 1936–1937. Ed. I. Somavilla. Innsbruck: Haymon. (DB)
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